Get to know walleye: identifying features, habitat, food, and life cycle.
Identification & habitat
- Scientific name: Sander vitreus; perch family.
- Eyes: Reflective eyes help it see in dim conditions.
- Teeth: Prominent canine-like teeth distinguish it from yellow perch.
- Fins: Two separate dorsal fins.
- Pattern: Olive-brown or yellowish sides, mottled darker.
- Regional size: Missouri describes adults around 12–28 inches; much larger fish occur.
- Habitat: Open lake water, reservoirs, and river pools.
- Adults: Mostly fish, with insects remaining important.
- Early spawner: Missouri spawning typically starts above 46°F.
Food & behavior
- Daily movement: Often deep by day, shallower after dark.
Spawning, growth & lifespan
- Young: Eat small crustaceans and insects.
- Egg placement: Rocky shoals, tributaries, and rocky reservoir shorelines.
- Parenting: Eggs develop without parental care.
Angling & the bigger picture
- Ecological role: Large individuals can be top fish predators.
Sources & further reading
Research checked October 18, 2026. Common sizes and ages are examples rather than hard limits. Missouri spawning dates are regional unless another location is named. Consult the current local fishing rules for the water you plan to fish.