Get to know channel catfish: identifying features, habitat, food, and life cycle.
Identification & habitat
- Scientific name: Ictalurus punctatus.
- Tail: Deeply forked, like blue catfish.
- Spots: Common on sides, but can disappear in large adults.
- Anal fin: Rounded outer edge; usually 24–29 rays.
- Color: Olive-brown to slate, with a pale belly.
- Breeding males: Can darken dramatically and develop swollen heads.
- Regional size: Commonly 12–32 inches and 1–15 pounds.
- Habitat: Rivers, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs.
- Day shelter: Deep pools, logs, and other cover.
- Omnivore: Eats fish, insects, crayfish, mollusks, and plants.
Food & behavior
- Night feeding: Often moves onto shallows and riffles.
- Senses: Barbels detect food through taste, smell, and touch.
Spawning, growth & lifespan
- Spawning: Missouri late May–July, beginning near 75°F.
- Nest: Males clean secluded cavities.
- Eggs: Sticky golden masses hatch in about a week.
- Parenting: Males guard eggs and fry until the young leave.
Sources & further reading
Research checked October 18, 2026. Common sizes and ages are examples rather than hard limits. Missouri spawning dates are regional unless another location is named. Consult the current local fishing rules for the water you plan to fish.